Probiotics help boost the immune system – Studies have shown that probiotics affect immune cells throughout the body. When certain strains of probiotics are introduced into our intestine they help to repair intestinal cells and they boost production of antimicrobial substances. In one study, 326 children aged 3-5 years were randomly assigned to receive, in double-blind fashion, probiotic supplementation. Treatments were given twice per day in divided doses for 6 months, including the winter season. Compared with placebo, the probiotic group had the following results; fever reduction 53-73%, cough reduction 41-62%, decreased runny nose 28-59%, decreased need for antibiotics 68-82%, reduced absence from school 28-32%.
Elderberry extracts inhibit bacteria and viruses – Not only does elderberry syrup taste great, studies have shown that it inhibits the bacteria and viruses associated with common colds and the flu. One study demonstrated that an elderberry liquid extract possesses antimicrobial activity against both streptococci bacteria and influenza viruses. Another study looked at 312 air travellers flying from Australia to an overseas destination. Those travellers who took an elderberry extract before, during and after travel had fewer colds, less sick days and less symptoms.
Vitamin C supports immune cells – Vitamin C is very important for optimal immune system functioning. Vitamin C helps immune cells get to where they need to be, kill pathogens effectively, protect the body from damage and clean up after battling infections. Studies have shown that adequate vitamin C in the blood helps prevent infections, is necessary to fight infections and helps with recovery. The recommended daily intake of vitamin C is 100-200mg/day; however during active infection, the metabolic demand increases and therefore the requirement for vitamin C is likely to be higher. Even in this day and age, vitamin C is the fourth leading nutrient deficiency in North America. Poor diet and increases in free radical exposure due to an unhealthy lifestyle may be contributing factors. Excellent sources of vitamin C are Broccoli, Citrus Fruits and Berries.
Zinc is essential for immune system communication – The importance of zinc for proper immune function has been well established. Zinc deficiency undoubtedly causes immune system malfunction. The cells of our body are in constant communication. During infection there is a need for effective communication between immune cells in order to get rid of the “bad guys”. Communication happens in the form of chemical messengers and enzymes. Zinc is an essential component of these chemicals and enzymes. As with vitamin C, during active infection our requirement for zinc is likely to increase. Studies have shown that Zinc supplementation during infection can shorten the duration of the illness. Excellent dietary sources of zinc include: Meat, Shellfish, Legumes, Nuts and Seeds. Supplementation may be important with a vegan or vegetarian diet.
Vitamin D is the supervisor of the immune system –Vitamin D has many functions in the body, and receptors for vitamin D can be found on many different tissues. One important function for vitamin D is in the modulation of our immune system. Studies have suggested that vitamin D is able to both calm down and rev-up the immune system according to what our body needs it to do. This is why Vitamin D is thought to be as important in autoimmune disorders as it is in infections.
Vitamin D deficiency can cause the immune system to behave erratically. Unfortunately in Canada we have one of the highest incidences of vitamin D deficiency in the world. Our primary source of vitamin D is from sunlight and therefore supplementation becomes important especially during the winter months. Studies have shown that there is a higher incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in athletes who are deficient in the vitamin and who train in the wintertime. Supplementation had preventative and symptom reducing effects. Aside from sunlight, some dietary sources of vitamin D are: fortified foods, fatty fish, beef liver, egg yolks and cheese.
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Leyer, GJ et al. Probiotic effects on cold and influenza-like symptom incidence and duration in children. Pediatrics 2009; 124-179. Walker, WA. Mechanisms of action of probiotics. Clin Infect Dis. 2008; 46 (Suppl2): S87-91.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2011 October ; 27(6): 496–501. doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32834baa4d. Probiotics and immune health Fang Yana and D.B. Polkb,c,d
Elderberry Supplementation Reduces Cold Duration
and Symptoms in Air-Travellers: A Randomized,
Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Evelin Tiralongo 1,2, *, Shirley S. Wee 2,3 and Rodney A. Lea 4 Received: 8 February 2016; Accepted: 18 March 2016; Published: 24 March 2016
Krawitz et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011, 11:16
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/11/16
Inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry
liquid extract against clinically-relevant human
respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A
and B viruses Christian Krawitz1†, Mobarak Abu Mraheil1†, Michael Stein2, Can Imirzalioglu1, Eugen Domann1, Stephan Pleschka2*,
Torsten Hain1*
Vitamin C and Immune Function Anitra C. Carr 1, * and Silvia Maggini 2
1 Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
2 Bayer Consumer Care Ltd., Peter-Merian-Strasse 84, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; silvia.maggini@bayer.com* Correspondence: anitra.carr@otago.ac.nz; Tel.: +643-364-0649 Received: 21 September 2017; Accepted: 31 October 2017; Published: 3 November 2017
Biofactors. 2014 Jan-Feb;40(1):27-40. doi: 10.1002/biof.1114. Epub 2013 Jun 27.Zinc signals and immune function. Haase H1, Rink L.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 18;(6):CD001364. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001364.pub4. Zinc for the common cold.
Vitamin D3 Supplementation Reduces the Symptoms
of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection during Winter
Training in Vitamin D-Insufficient Taekwondo
Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial Hyun Chul Jung 1 , Myong-Won Seo 2 , Sukho Lee 3 , Sung Woo Kim 2 and Jong Kook Song 2, * 1 Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University
Avenue, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; jung@ulm.edu
2 Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea; smilly1004@khu.ac.kr (M.-W.S.); kswrha@khu.ac.kr (S.W.K.)
3 Department of Counseling, Health, and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development,Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA; slee@tamusa.edu* Correspondence: jksong@khu.ac.kr; Tel.: +82-31-201-2708 Received: 2 August 2018; Accepted: 10 September 2018; Published: 14 September 2018
Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of Innate and
Adaptive Immunity by Vitamin D Ran Wei and Sylvia Christakos *
Received: 25 June 2015 ; Accepted: 15 September 2015 ; Published: 24 September 2015 Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; weira@njms.rutgers.edu
* Correspondence: christak@njms.rutgers.edu; Tel.: +973-972-4033; Fax: +973-972-5594
Do you give your kids probiotics?
Every year it seems like the back to school commercials start to pop up earlier and
earlier in the summer months. Although these commercials are aimed at bringing
parents into office supply and clothing stores in prep for their kids returning to
school, as parents we can also use this time to implement nutritional strategies to
help our kids excel during the school year.
Besides the obvious beneficial lifestyle approaches like eating a balanced nutrient
rich diet and daily exercise, there are a few specific recommendations that may help
your kids have the edge when it comes to starting school.
[banner ]Probiotics[/banner]
Probiotics are live bacteria cultures that seem to have varying health benefits when
introduced into our gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics are naturally found in many
fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir, miso, tempeh, sauerkraut and kombucha. It is
believed that as a species, fermented foods played a larger role in our diet as we
evolved and our bodies have grown to rely on these bacterial cultures for optimal
health and wellbeing. Our modern “western” diet has been relatively low in these
fermented foods and there have been hypothesis relating many chronic diseases of
the gastrointestinal tract and immune system back to imbalanced gut bacteria.
Subsequently we have witnessed a surge in probiotics being offered in supplemental
form as a way to help restore this balance. It is important that I stress the fact that
probiotics alone are not the complete picture with regard to a healthy
gastrointestinal and immune system but research has suggested that they do play a
part.
Probiotics help boost the immune system – with kids heading back indoors and
spending large amounts of time in classrooms with each other (including daycare),
there is a dramatic increase in germ exposure and potential for kids to fall prey to
illness. In one study, 326 children aged 3-5 years were randomly assigned to
receive, in double-blind fashion, probiotic supplementation. Treatments were given
twice per day in divided doses for 6 months, including the winter season. Compared
with placebo, the probiotic group had the following results; fever reduction 53-73%,
cough reduction 41-62%, decreased runny nose 28-59%, decreased need for
antibiotics 68-82%, reduced absence from school 28-32%.
Probiotics help with allergies – Heading back indoors can trigger many kids who
are especially allergic to dusts and molds. With regard to asthmatic children with
allergic rhinitis, studies have shown the use of probiotics resulted in a significant
reduction in the inflammatory immune chemistry produced by peripheral blood
mononuclear cells. Further studies have shown specific down-regulation of T cells
(immune cells), which beneficially alter the balance of pollen specific antibodies in
seasonal allergic rhinitis. In short – probiotics lower the allergic load and decrease
inflammation.
Probiotics help with mood – Recent research is showing new gut-brain
connections as happy gut ecology seems to make for happier brains. In one
particular study, anxious mice dosed with probiotics showed lower levels of anxiety,
decreased stress hormones, and even increased brain receptors for
neurotransmitters vital in curbing worry, anxiety and fear. With better mood comes
greater ease and ability to learn in school settings and beyond.
Stay tuned for part 2 which will focus on cold/flu prevention and treatment.
Book a consultation with our Naturopathic Doctor Shawn Meirovici for
more information on child-friendly probiotic strains and dosages.
[button size=”btn-large” link=”https://doctorshawn.ca/contact-us/” target=”_blank” ]Book Now[/button]
Leyer, GJ et al. Probiotic effects on cold and influenza-like symptom incidence
and duration in children. Pediatrics 2009; 124-179.
Walker, WA. Mechanisms of action of probiotics. Clin Infect Dis. 2008; 46 (Suppl
2): S87-91.
Yang, G et al. Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis with Probiotics: An alternative
approach. N Am J Med Sci. Aug 2013; 5 (8): 465-68.
Javier, AB, Forsytthe, P & Cryan, J. Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates
emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in mice via the vagus
nerve. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. Sep 20, 2011; 108(38): 16050-55.